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Anxiety

Normal Anxiety

Fear of strangers (6 to 18 months)

Fear of monsters and being separated from parents (2-3 years)

Fear of the dark and of sleeping alone (3 to 6 years old)

Fear of physical danger and school (ages 6-10)

Concerns about friendships and social exclusion (ages 10-12)

Concerns about identity, physical appearance, social integration, intimacy and the future (adolescence)

Fears are common in children and decrease with age. Their focus changes over time.

Pathological anxiety

Persists and disrupts development

N'est pas constructive

Disrupts daily functioning

Causes extreme distress that is not due to real or imminent danger

Difficile à calmer par la réassurance ou la raison/l’évidence

Leakage or avoidance

Signs that may indicate an anxiety disorder

Psychological

  • Excessive embarrassment or shyness

  • Fear of dying, of losing control of oneself

  • Anger or crying spells

  • Exaggerated fear of others' opinions

  • Excessive need to always feel reassured

  • Phobia (irrational fear) of an object, situation or place

  • Apprehension of danger or impending disaster

  • Difficulty being in the presence of others (seeks to avoid them)

  • Difficulty concentrating

Physics

  • Increased muscle tension

  • Trembling, profuse sweating, palpitations, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

  • Feeling of shortness of breath, choking, shortness of breath

  • Tingling or numbness

  • Chest pain

  • Sleep disorders (difficulty falling asleep, night wakings, nightmares)

  • Inability to relax

  • Excessive fatigue

Etiology

Predisposing factors

Temperamental traits

High behavioral inhibition, high negative affectivity

Insecure attachment

Behavioral inhibition, maternal anxiety

Parental control

Parenting behaviors characterized by over-control and negativity

Learning pathways

Verbally (others say it is dangerous)

Vicarious learning (observing others experience distress when confronted with a stimulus)

Direct traumatic experience

Vicious circle of anxiety

Vicious circle of anxiety.png

Reversing the vicious circle of anxiety

Reversing the vicious circle of anxiety.png

Staying in your comfort zone

Risk avoidance strategy

  • Very short term: reduction of anxiety through avoidance

  • Short and medium term: regrets, dissatisfaction

  • Long-term: increased anxiety and avoidance, dissatisfaction

Get out of your comfort zone

Risk exposure strategy

  • In the very short term: stress and effort to dare to launch and overcome fears

  • Short and medium term: satisfaction, positive self-perception

  • Long term: decrease in anxiety through habituation and increase in skills through learning

Anxiety disorders

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Information

Types of anxiety disorders, origin, symptoms, evolution

Treatment

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological recommendations

Tips and tricks

Strategies and recommendations

Tools and resources

Organizations, associations, resources, videos

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